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(Binary Editor) Accept - the first click on an object after activating the Accept mode will deselect all objects except the clicked object.
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A pattern of image sampling error in digital systems. Aliasing forces spatial frequency components higher than a critical value(the Nyquist frequency) to be displayed at progressively lower frequencies. Aliasing introduces an undesirable moire' pattern when the spatial frequency of the signal exceeds the sampling rate of the digitizer.
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For color images, a copy of the Original image data (with Image Region applied).
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Includes each pixel which both binary image masks include.
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An image processing procedure used to subtract unwanted objects or noise patterns generated by the camera or in the opitical system.
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The number of bits per second at which a digital signal is transmitted from one digital device to another.
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Is a map of all detected pixels that may later be combined together into objects for measurement.
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The process of combining the charge collected by several adjacent CCD pixels (e.g., 2x2, 4x4 regions) into a single pixel during acquisition. The resulting image will be brighter and smaller and have a lower resolution. Because the image is smaller, the time required to transfer the image is significantly reduced.
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A contraction of binary digit, the smallest unit of information in a notation using the binary system (1 or 0). A byte is commonly made up of 8 bits.
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The small video signal voltage (usually 0.05 to 0.1 V) that corresponds to a specified limit for black peaks.
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(Qualification Status) Object is disqualified by the maximum value of the currently selected qualification criteria.
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A coaxial type of connector used to couple coaxial cables to video and other high-frequency electronic equipment.
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Pattern matches all of the objects in the displayed binary image to remove pixels which are located at the intersection of two or more lines. Break Nodes should be used after the Thinning, Skeletonize and Prune operators, which have produced a network of one pixel thick lines. Break Nodes separates the connected network of lines into individual line fragments for further processing or measurement.
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See Charged-Coupled Device.
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Are light-sensitive silicon-based integrated circuits consisting of a dense matrix of photodiodes that operate by converting light energy in the form of photons into an electronic charge.
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Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.
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A measure of the gradation in luminance that provide grey scale or color information. Contrast is expressed as the ratio (difference in luminance)/(average luminance) in adjoining areas of the scene.
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In digital image processing, the enhancement of contrast by using an image histogram and look-up table.
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The range of grey between the lightest and darkest parts of a scene; expressed as a ratio of light to dark. More appropriately, it should be called brightness ratio. See also Dynamic Range.
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In manipulating an image with a digital image processor, the substitution of the grey value of each pixel with another grey value that takes into account the values of neighboring pixels. The convolution mask or kernel used to calculate the influence of the neighbors determines the degree to which the picture is sharpened or smoothed by the convolution process. This contrasts with a point operation, where the grey value of each pixel is transformed without considering the neighbors.
A group of pixels called a kernel is compared against other pixels and the mathmatical result is placed in the center of the kernel.
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The background current which flows in a photodetector. Usually it can be eliminated, when required, by cooling.
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The shutters will return to the defined default idle state during filter movement. This helps to protect the sample from an undesired wavelength.
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The distance over which an acceptable image definition can be maintained without refocusing. The depth of field varies with the focal length of the lens and its f-stop setting or NA; and the wavelength of light.
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The distance along the optical axis over which the image is in focus.
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The Image Data as displayed. Contrast, Merge and Tinting will be applied. A Display Image is only 8-bit for monochrome (24-bit color) so for complete access to 16-bit data use Original or Processed source data.
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The Image Data as displayed including additional Display Layers. Display Layers include Scalebars, Annotations, Shapes, Intensity Profile, ...
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The greatest ratio of image contrast that may be achieved by adjusting the gain, black level, and gamma for each occurring scene.
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TTL input, waits for an input trigger at the beginning of every capture cycle.
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TTL input, waits for an input trigger before the first field of each sequence pass.
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A mode of image processing that displays the boundaries of regions with different luminance (i.e., the high spatial-frequency components of the image, selectively).
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Also referred to as Edge Sharpening, where the edges of an image are sharpened by subtracting the second derivative of a video signal from itself, or by the use of a high-frequency pass filter.
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Enhances object boundaries for detection and measurements.
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Allows the user to annotate the time at which a significant event occurred in an experiment.
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The TTL output for the duration of each exposure.
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The shutters will return to the defined default idle state at the end of camera exposure during camera readout. This help to protect the sample from unnecessary light.
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The area visible through the microscope.
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TTL output will set the chosen state of the pin at the start of a field's exposure. This pin will signal on and off as each field is captured.
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The effect of the Fill Holes operator is to fill any internal holes in the binary image.
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TTL input, waits for an input trigger at the start of the sequence.
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A digitized image is stored in the computer memory.
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The ratio of output signal to input signal is expressed in amplication. A higher gain is expressed in a higher contrast ratio between the black and light areas of an image.
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The exponent of the function that relates the output signal to the input signal. A gamma of 1 indicates that the device has a linear transfer characteristic.
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Also referred to as an Image Histogram or Intensity Histogram. A graph that depicts the number of pixels displaying each (range of) grey value. Histograms can be used for manipulating look-up-tables (lut) that control the image contrast, and for adjusting the dynamic range on a capture device.
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The image has three color components represented by Hue, Saturation and Luminosity.
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Hypertext Markup Language. A set of tags used to mark the structural elements of text files. HTML files include tags that create hyperlinks to other documents on the Internet.
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The dominant (or complementary) wavelengths of light that give rise to the sensation of color such as red, blue, yellow and green. Black, gray and white are colors but not hues.
The values represent the position of a color along a spectrum of fully saturated (pure) colors.
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A picture or symbol that represents an object, task, command, or choice users can select by pointing and clicking with a mouse.
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Creates a binary image using a thresholding or segmentation technique that identifies pixels based on a min and max intensity range.
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Any operation that generates numerical data from an image. Often contrasted with "image processing" which refers to qualitative changes applied to an image.
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Arithmetically combine the current image with the saved image.
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A way of reducing random noise by averaging the pixel brightness over consecutive frames.
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The use of processing functions to improve the visual display of an image.
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Allows image components to be shifted (X and Y direction), flipped (horizontal or vertical) and rotated to accurately register the components in the image. The functions are applied directly to the view.
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A list of keywords the user may view to find topics within a Help system.
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Is the average intensity of the RGB values, providing the weighted gray value of the pixel.
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A group of pixels called is compared against other pixels and the mathmatical result is placed in the center of the group.
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Is a Z scan for each wavelength or channel; i.e. channel 1 Z scan, channel 2 Z scan, repeat up to 5 channels.
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Also LUT. A theoretical table of values that specifies the conversion of the grayscale value of each pixel in an image into another gray value or color, arbitrarily assigned by the table.
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The measure of the birghtness of light in candela per square meter.
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The measure of the birghtness of light in candela per square meter.
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(Qualification Status) Object is disqualified
by previously selected qualification criteria.
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The part of a computer that stores information or instructions. Memory can be RAM (Random Access Memory) or ROM (Read Only Memory), and is usually measured in Gigabytes (billion bytes) of memory.
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A measurable shape in an image. This might be a cell or other structure in the field of view.
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Binary image pixel intensity values are either "on" or "off". Where "on"= 1 and "off"= 0.
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Includes each pixel that either binary image mask includes.
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A copy of the original image data (with Image Region applied).
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A frame used to display program components.
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Is inserted after the shutter opens but before the exposure is made. A common use of this delay is to allow time for the shutter to fully open.
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Is inserted before the filter device command is sent. To allow a sample to be exposed at a different wavelength.
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Is inserted after the filter command is sent but before the shutter is opened. A common use of this delay to allow time for the filter to reach its intended position.
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A copy of the original data after processing (enhance, registration, etc.).
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A display mode that assigns a selected color to each level of the grayscale range. The effect is to enhance the user's ability to detect subtle differences between grayscale values in an image.
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Automatically creates a four-pane quadrant view of the image, by default separating the color components using the display color components.
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The upper limit of the amount of RAM that is used when streaming to memory.
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(Qualification Status) Object is disqualified by the minimum value of the currently selected qualification criteria.
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The refractive index of a transparent optical medium, is the factor by which the phase velocity is decreased relative to the velocity of light in vacuum.
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Also ROI, a graphical shape superimposed on the image used to select a region of an image for processing or analysis. Typical ROI shapes are: rectangles, ellipses and lines.
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The degree of accuracy with which one image is positioned into alignment with another.
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(Binary Editor) Reject - the first click on an object after activating the Reject mode will select all objects except the clicked object.
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Is useful for manual viewing of a specific combination through the microscope eyepieces, or to prevent over-exposing a light-sensitive sample.
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The image has three color components represented by Red, Green and Blue.
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HIS values represent the purity of color, as white is added to the pixel the hue stays constant but the pixel appears paler.
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The process of deciding whether a pixel is part of an object to be measured or processed, or is merely part of the background and to be excluded from analysis. This process generally uses the intensity of the pixel to make the decision. For example, you might segment the image by selecting an upper and lower threshold to define a range of acceptable grayscale levels, and the image processor would group all of the contiguous pixels that fall within that range into "objects." (See also Threshold.)
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A measure of the amount of incident light upon an image sensor required to produce a specified signal at the output.
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TTL output will set the chosen state of the pin at the beginning of the capture. This pin will remain at the specified state until the sequence has completed.
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An undesired brightness gradient in an image, not present in the original scene, that may be caused by stray light or uneven illumination.
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The amount of time (in milliseconds) that HCImage waits after the shutter is opened before acquiring the next image. This compensates for a slow moving shutter.
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The "Ultimate-thin", recursively performs binary image thinning on the displayed binary image until the ultimate skeleton of every object in the image is produced.
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Allows a single component of a color image to be selected for the current view.
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An area at the bottom of the HCImage application window that displays information regarding open files, memory usage, current grayscale values under the pointer, etc.
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A Summary document (.cxs) is a collection of data documents (.cxd).
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The maximum and minimum values for a range of grayscale intensities, to be used for segmentation of an image. (See also Segmentation)
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The degree to which an elongated object curves relative to its axis. The object must have been processed by Skeletonize and Break Nodes in the Modify Menu . The disconnected one-pixel-thick objects are processed to compute the ratio of the curved and the straight line distance between the two end points.
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Is a volume element, representing a value on a grid in 3-dimensional space. This is similar to how a pixel represents 2-D image data.
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Performed by referencing a white area and making simple adjustments to the RGB signals to produce a correctly balanced white.
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The position of a point or object in an image up and down in space, relative to a user-defined origin. The X and Y positions refer to horizontal and vertical positions, while the Z-position refers to a position orthogonal to the X, Y plane.